Long-Term Care Need to Knows

 

I recently attended both a seminar and a webinar about long-term care (LTC) planning. Below are nine key take-aways from these presentations:

LTC Definition- A range of medical and personal care services required due to illness, disability, and dementia when people cannot perform activities of daily living like eating and bathing. About 70% of people age 65+ are expected to need some form of LTC at least once during their lifetime.

 

Not Just for Old People- Over a third (37%) of all people receiving LTC in the U.S. are adults under the age of 65. Reasons include traumatic injuries, severe disabilities and autism, and chronic illnesses. LTC typically does not include treatment of the underlying illness or injury.

 

Benefits of LTC Planning- More time to research options (e.g., assisted living or skilled nursing), more flexibility to choose a preferred type of care (vs. decisions during a health care crisis), an opportunity to prepare financially for the cost of LTC, and time to inform and involve loved ones.

 

LTC Settings- The three primary settings where LTC takes place are in a patient’s home (e.g., visiting health aides), in the community (e.g., adult day care), and in a facility (e.g., assisted living, memory care, nursing home, and continuing care retirement community).

 

Nursing Home Length of Stay- The average nursing home stay is three years and, for patients with dementia, seven years. Medicaid is the primary payer for over 60% of all nursing home residents. Many start by paying out-of-pocket and transition to Medicaid once personal assets are depleted.

 

LTC Funding Options- Three primary funding sources are LTC insurance, personal and family resources, and Medicaid, for which patients must spend down to $2,000 to qualify. Medicare only pays for short-term care that is medically necessary.

 

LTC Insurance- LTC policies are a reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses paid. Popular policies sold today are hybrids that combine life insurance or an annuity product with LTC insurance. If only a portion of policy benefits are used for LTC, beneficiaries receive a guaranteed death benefit.

 

LTC Insurance Features- Three determinants of the cost of coverage are monthly benefit amount (maximum monthly reimbursement), the benefit period (maximum number of years of coverage), and the elimination period (length of time to pay out of pocket before benefits begin).

 

Impact on Caregivers- The average age of caregivers is 49 and most caregivers provide six or more hours of care per day. In addition to out-of-pocket caregiving costs, the impact of lost wages, Social Security benefits, and retirement savings when a caregiver leaves the workforce is substantial.

This post provides general personal finance information and does not address all the variables that apply to an individual’s unique situation. It does not endorse specific products or services and should not be construed as legal or financial advice. If professional assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought.